water pollution

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

In daily life - the day we need clean water for drinking, cooking, bathing, washing and other purposes. The water that we use must berstandart 3B is a colorless, odorless and nontoxic. But many of us see the colored water turbid and smelly often mixed with objects - objects such as plastic waste, organic waste, cans and sebagainnya. Such views often encountered in the flow of rivers, ditches and ponds. Water is so-called dirty water or polluted water. Polluted water contains harmful substances that can cause harm and hurt us when in consumption.

But for us, particularly rural communities, the river is the source of water a day - day for survival. They're not so concerned about the content contained in the water.

1.2 Problem Formulation

    What understanding of water pollution?
    What causes water pollution?
    Of any danger posed by contaminated water?
    What should be done to prevent and solve water pollution?

1.3 Objectives

    To be human is to understand the dangers of water pollution
    To be able to distinguish between clean water and water contaminated
    Can be more careful in the use of clean water and polluted
    Can know the content of the polluted water

CHAPTER II

BASIC THEORY

2.1 Definition of Air Pollution

One of the negative impact of science and technology kemjuan not used correctly is the occurrence of pollution. Pollution is the event the entry of substances, elements, substances or other harmful component into the environment due to human activities or natural processes. Anything called a pollutant that causes pollution.

An object can be said of pollutants when levels exceed normal limits, located on the place and time is not right. Pollutants may include noise, heat, radiation, dust, chemicals, substances produced by living things and so forth. The presence of excessive amounts of pollutants can cause the environment could not hold its own cleaning (regeneration). Therefore, the pollution of the environment need to be detected early and treated promptly.

Water pollution is the event the entry of substances, energy, elements or other components into the water, so that the disturbed water quality characterized by changes in color, the flavor baud. Some examples of pollutants include: phosphates derived from the use of artificial fertilizers and detergents, Poliklorin biphenyls (PCBs) are compounds derived from the utilization of materials and plastic peluma, Oil and Hydrocarbon can come from leaks in the wheel and the ship carrying oil, metals weight derived from industrial chemicals and gasoline, derived from agricultural waste and manure storage hewana fodder, Human Manure derived from human excreta disposal channels. (Djambur, 1993)

2.2 Various Kinds of Water Pollution Sources

Sources of water pollution include waste society, industrial waste, agricultural waste and household limah. There are several types of pollutants that can damage the waters, namely: material containing germs, substances that many membutuhakan oxygen for its disposal, the material-bhan organic chemicals from industrial or agricultural fertilizer waste, materials that do not sediment, materials containing radioactive and hot.

Waste disposal can result in levels of O2 dissolved in water decreases as most used by bacterial decay. Disposal of organic and inorganic waste is disposed of the river constantly, besides menemari water, especially in the rainy season would result in flooding.

Water is a natural element essential for living organisms to the nature of flow and pervasive. If the flow is blocked-flow lane would result in flooding. Water pollution occurs because of the lack of a sense of community disiplian, for example in environmental hygiene and littering.

Flood disaster is divided into two kinds, namely the flood appeal (big) and flood inundation.

    Flooding caused by water overflowing the appeal of jaur flow-path (river) with a large volume of water
    Flood inundation occurred tergenangnya rain water sector in a region of waterways and power seraonya limited. (Salman, 1993)

CHAPTER III

DISCUSSION

3.1 Dangers of Air Pollution

The seeds of disease many substances that are toxic and radioactive substances can harm humans. Various pollutants require O2 for its disposal. If O2 is less, its disposal is not perfect and causes the water change color and stinking. Hazardous materials or metals such as arsenat, uradium, chromium, lead, mercury, benzon, tetrachloride, carbon and others can damage human organs or dapatmenyebabkan cancer. Large amounts of waste from the river will go into the sea.

These pollutants can damage aquatic life around the estuary of the river and a small marine estuary. Hazardous materials into the sea or the ocean has a long-term consequences are unknown. Many types of shellfish that mungin contain substances dangerous to eat. Sea can also be contaminated by the origin may be of residential, factory, through the river, or from a damaged tanker. Oil can kill birds and other marine animals, for example, toxic effects can be seen in Japan. Mercury is discharged by an industry into Minamata Bay accumulates in fish tissue and the people who consume them suffer disability and death.

Many due to water pollution caused by, among others:

    Disruption of aquatic organisms due to reduced oxygen content
    The explosion of algae and aquatic plants
    Silt bottom waters
    Blockage of a filter reservoir, and causing ecological changes
    In the long term lead to cancer and birth defects
    Due to the excessive use of pesticides in addition to killing pests and diseases, also kills insects and creatures that useful, especially predators
    Death of ancient organisms, like plankton, fish and even birds
    Mutation can lead to cancer and leukemia cells

3.2 Efforts to Prevent and Solve Water Pollution

Dilution and decay of groundwater pollutants is very difficult because the water does not flow and does not contain bacteria that aerobic decomposition, so that contaminated groundwater will remain contaminated for a long time, although there is no pollution of the incoming material. Therefore many efforts to keep the land clean, for example:

    Putting the industrial area or plant away from residential areas or housing
    Industrial waste disposal is set so that does not pollute the environment or ecosystem
    The monitoring of the use of the types of pesticides and substances - other chemicals that can cause pollution
    Expanding the green movement
    Stern action against environmental pollution behavior
    Provide awareness of communities about the meaning of the environment so that human beings more loving environment
    Agricultural intensification

As for other ways to cope with water pollution or which is known as flooding. Floods have two kinds of flood inundation and flood appeals.

    Flood ririskiky widespread appeal can be resolved with the support of various disciplines
    Flood inundation can be overcome with memebersihakan water resulting from blockage of water overflowing

Many people say "better to prevent than to solve", this also applies to flood inundation. There are several steps taken to prevent flood inundation, namely:

    In planning the neighborhood streets of both government programs and government organizations should choose materials that absorb water such as the use of materials from pavling blocks (blocks of concrete mixture is prepared denagn cavities-selanya interrupted water absorption. It is no less important is the arrangement channel environment, pembuatannyapun must along with making these roads
    If in the yard yard yard-we still have open spaces, make wells rainwater infiltration as much as possible. The function of this water catchment wells to accelerate meresapke water in the soil. By making the water absorption wells, we can really benefit as follows:
        Supplies of clean water in the soil around our house quite well and many
        Former mining land wells can be used to store the low lands or raised floor houses
        If rain water is not accommodated by the house gutters, it can be channeled to recharge wells. Do not throw garbage or household waste water issue (the former water bath, laundry and so forth) into the well recharge because of bias contaminating the soil water content
        If flood water entered the house menapai height 20-50 cm, the only way is to raise the floor of our house on the threshold of surface water flooding.
        Another way is to make the levee in front of the entrance to our house. This is a common way people do, it's just that technically less often planned in detail.

CHAPTER IV

CLOSING

4.1 Conclusion

Based on these discussions can be concluded that:

    Pollution is the event the entry of substances, energy, elements or other components into the environment due to human activities or natural prose
    Anything that causes pollution called poutan
    Water pollution is pristiwa entry of substances, energy, elements or other components into the water so that water quality terggangu
    Sources of water pollution include household waste, community waste, agricultural waste, industrial waste and sebagianya
    Consequences of water pollution is flooding, damage to human organ systems, causing a variety of seeds disease, cancer, birth defects and other



Paper Water Pollution 2

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

A. Background
Every day, we always need water. For eating, drinking, cooking, washing, etc.. Therefore, the water we consume should be free from pollution with characteristic 3B (a colorless, odorless, and non-toxic).

However, we sometimes or maybe often find the water cloudy, smelly and sometimes also mixed with metal materials, plastics, chemicals, or organic. And each time the end of the estuary of the river water always ends. And this is what makes the water polluted.

Why? Because the people of rural, or suburban, using river water due to water saving. And because the river is polluted, so timbulah disease where-where. Almost all living things on land affected by the result and for living things in the water, could die.

A United Nations organizations, WHO (World Health Organization) declared on the title The Best of All Things is the Water (All The Best Is Water) indicates that water is essential for all life and is always seen as a very valuable item for all life on earth, so that needs to be guarded, protected, and dilertarikan. Therefore, the quality of water we use is very important to note. And since it all, water has a health standard.

In addition, the quantity of elements (Ca, Cl, Hg, Cn, Cr, etc.) contained in the water is worth noting, for example: water for drinking. So the elements contained in water, it must be considered standard. But, if more than / less than standard. It can be detrimental to health.

B. Problem
a. What is the population of water?
b. Why water pollution could occur?
c. What causes environmental pollution, especially water?
d. What consequences of the existence of water pollution?
e. Wherever possible water pollution?
f. Anyone who will be affected by water berpolutan?
g. Does the level of pollution can affect the health of surrounding communities?
h. How to cope with and prevent the occurrence of water pollution?

C. Goal
a. In order for humans to know what it is water pollution.
b. To be human is to understand the causes of water pollution.
c.Agar can find out the effects of the presence of water which berpolutan.
d. Can find out where water could be contaminated.
e. Can distinguish where the water is clean and berstandart with water that was contaminated.
f. Can be more careful in the use of water.
g. Can know the content of the polluted water.
h. Can be overcome and prevent current / prior to the occurrence of water pollution.

D. Benefits
It is expected that the students, especially students of SMK N Bronwen can understand as well as understanding about the population of water. So that students can sort out where clean water and contaminated water as well as cope with and prevent the event of air pollution around us.



CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

A. Understanding About Water Pollution
We live dizaman sophisticated with the advancement of science and technology. However, the resulting negative impact is enormous, the pollution which is the event the entry of substances, energy, element or other harmful components of the environment due to human activities or natural prose. As well as causing pollution, called pollutants. One thing to say what pollutants when:

    Concentration exceeds / is less than the normal limit
    Being at a place and time is not right.


Pollutants itself can be dust, chemicals, sound, heat, radiation, living things, and so on. And if excessive pollutants, ecosystems can not be balanced and not be able to regenerate (self cleaning).

Water pollution is an event entry of substances, energy, elements / other components in the water so that the disturbed water quality which can be characterized by a change in smell, taste, and color of the water so that water is not pure anymore.

Quoted in State Minister No.02/MENLH/I/1998 Kepedudukan and Environment, is meant by pollution / water pollution is the entry / inclusion of living things, matter, energy, and or other components into the water / air by human activity or by natural processes, less or no longer works with the designation.

That is why the water as the main source for humans and other living creatures in this earth because it is one part of the hydrologic cycle. In addition to also drain the water stream sediment and pollutants.

However, natural phenomena such as Mount Merapi, hurricanes, earthquakes, tsunamis, etc. can result in major changes to water quality, this is not considered water pollution.

Why? Because pollution is partly due to the activity of living things which can change the quality of water on earth.

B. Characteristics of Contaminated Water Pollution
The characteristics of water that has polluted / contaminated with highly variable because it depends on the type of water and pollutants contained therein. But the easiest cirri known are:
· Smells
· Color
· Toxic
· Taste

C. Attributes of Water Pollution
To find out terpolusinya water can be observed with the occurrence of the changes include:

    The pH, acidity and alkalinity normal pH of water is 6-8 pH. If too low, then it can cause corrosive.


    Temperature
    If the temperature is too low, then the water will feel cool, even cold until ice cold. And vice versa. However, plain water always has a fit in the size of the temperature 0o Celsius.


    The color, smell and taste
        Color
        Polluted water is usually different from the normal color (clear and transparent).
        Smell
        Usually depends on the water source, can be caused by chemicals, plants and aquatic animals both living and dead (such as the stench and rot).
        Taste
        Normal water has no taste, except for salty taste in the sea water.


    Total oxygen content in water
    Contamination of pathogenic microorganisms
    Oil content
    The content of heavy metals
    The content of radioactive material


D. Macam-Macam Berpolutan Water Resources
Various kinds of polluted water sources, among others:

    Industrial waste
    Agriculture
    Houses insects


There are several types of pollutants which can damage the waters, namely:

    Contain germs
    It took a lot of O2 (Oxygen) for its disposal (so the lack of O2 during the process of decomposition)
    Organic chemicals from industrial
    Waste agricultural fertilizer
    The materials that do not sediment (sediment)
    The materials that contain radioactive and heat


While water is an essential element for human nature with nature to flow and seep. However, since the flow paths and water absorption is hampered because of pollutants, timbulah flooding.

Flood disaster can be divided into 2 based on the result of water pollution, among others:

    Inundation (flooding), namely: going from the consequences of the spill flow paths (river) with a very large volume of water.


    Flood inundation, namely: local flooding / local as a result of tergenangnya / concentrated rain water in the area waterways yangmana (arainase) and resapannya very limited land so that water can enter / inundate the environment and in our homes.


The use of insecticides such as DDT (Dhicloro Diphenil Trichonethan) by farmers to combat pests of plants and insects spread the disease to excess can lead to pollution of water absorbed by plants. Resulting in excessive decomposition waters can also cause pollution. Waste disposal can result in levels of O2 dissolved in water decreases as most used by bacterial decay.
And disposal of organic waste is dumped into the river constantly, besides polluting the water, in the rainy season floods will occur.

E. Incidence Causes Of Water Pollution
Water pollution can be caused by many things and have different characteristics.

    Organic waste such as sewer water causes increased oxygen demand on the receiving water leading to reduced oxygen which can impact severely on the entire ecosystem.
    Industry remove various pollutants into the waste water such as heavy metals, organic toxins, oils, nutrients and solids. Waste water has a thermal effect, especially those released by power plants, which can also reduce oxygen in water.
    As a distinguished industrial wastewater flowing into rivers such as the Citarum River.


F. The danger posed
Seedling disease from water pollution results contain substances that are toxic and radioactive materials which can harm humans. Why? Because of pollutants requires a lot of the content of O2, but if the shortage, there will be a color change and decay. Because the process of decomposition of pollutants will not be perfect so timbulah pollution in water.

The biggest problems in water pollution is garbage disposal disembarang place. For example: waste disposal in the estuary of the river, sea, or got a small home-sewers. It can cause disease.

Examples of such events in Japan. Substance mercury being dumped by a plastic industry into Minamata bay dijaringan accumulating body of people who consume fish and disability or to death.


G. Due to Contaminated Water
As a result of water pollution caused by, among others:

    Disruption of aquatic organisms due to reduced content of oxygen (O2)
    The explosion of algae and aquatic plants.
    Silt bottom waters
    In the long term are cancer and birth defects
    Due to the excessive use of appropriate pastisida but to kill pests and disease, also kills insects and maskhluk useful especially predators
    The death of an ancient biota, such as plankton and other birds even
    Cell mutations, cancer, and leukemia


As a result of the emergence of contaminated water according to the wikipedia site, among others:

    Can cause flooding
    Erosion
    Lack of water resources
    Can create a source of disease
    Landslide
    Could damage the river ecosystem


H. Efforts To Solve And Prevent
In the rainy season, usually bound to happen that mananya flooding. Perhaps the steps below to prevent a flood inundation, among others:

    In planning the neighborhood streets of both government programs and government organizations should choose materials that absorb water such as the use of materials from pavling blocks (blocks of concrete mixture is prepared cavities-selanya interrupted water absorption). It is no less important is the arrangement of the channel environment, pembuatannyapun must along with the road construction.


    If in the yard yard yard-we still have open spaces, make wells rainwater infiltration as much as possible. The function of this water catchment wells to accelerate meresapke water in the soil. By making the water absorption wells, we can really benefit as follows:
        Supplies of clean water in the soil around our house quite good and plentiful.
        Former mining land wells can be used to accumulate lands that are low or elevated floor of the house.
        If rain water is not accommodated by the house gutters, it can be channeled to recharge wells. Do not throw garbage or household waste water issue (the former water bath, laundry and so forth) into the well recharge because of bias contaminating the soil water content.
        If flood water entered the house menapai 20-50 cm height, the only way is to raise the floor of our house on the threshold of surface water flooding.
        Another way is to make the levee in front of the entrance to our house. This is a common way people do, it's just that technically less often planned in detail.


There are so many types of wastewater treatment, among others:
1. Primary treatment process (dispose of solid materials that settle or float)
1. Filtering
2. Precipitation (eliminating the components of phosphorus and suspended solids) and separation
3. Displacement deposition

2. Secondary treatment process (the process of decomposition of solid materials in biology)
1. Filtering trikel
2. Activated sludge
3. Tertiary treatment process
· Adsorption (dissolved organic material)
· Elektrodoalisis (lower concentration of dissolved salts to the concentration of original water, before use)
· Osmosis opposite
· Khloranisasi (eliminate the disease-causing organisms)

CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION

Based on the above discussion it can take the conclusion:
· Pollution is the event the entry of substances, energy element or other components into the environment due to human activities or natural processes. Anything called a pollutant that causes pollution.

· Water pollution is the event the entry of substances, energy, elements, or other components into the water so that water quality impaired. Sources of water pollution include industrial waste, agricultural, and household. Water pollution can also cause disasters such as floods.

· Due caused water pollution in the long term are cancer and birth defects. Agricultural intensification. Flood inundation can be overcome by cleaning the drains from clogging.

From the above discussion is also a lesson that we can mengabil:
· Should we must be careful in using water because the water is polluted and there is not.

· Keep water in the home and surrounding environment in order to stay clean and avoid water pollution.

• Do not throw garbage into the river or pond, get rid of waste in place to prevent water pollution.
E. Avoid the use of drug eradication of insect pests and excessive.

Do not throw garbage into the river and if there is hoarding of garbage in the river would result in flooding.